It is an open-source web application framework that is written in Python. It allows the rapid development of secure websites that are easy to maintain. It is extensively used by fresher and advanced programmers.

The unique features of Django are:
•    It is optimized for SEO
•    Extremely fast
•    It consists of a framework that is loaded with features like authentication, content administration and RSS feeds.
•    Scalable enough to handle the heaviest traffic demand
•    Highly secure    
•    It is versatile enough to create various types of websites 

The python-m-django-version command allows to check the Django version.
get_version() method allows to import Django by using the following syntax:
import django
print(django.get_version())

•    Django consists of loosely coupled stack with tight cohesion
•    Very less code is used by its apps
•    Website is a quick development process
•    It follows the principle of DRY or the Don’t Repeat Yourself Principle that  implies one concept or a piece of data should live in just one place
•    Consistent under low as well as high levels
•    The behaviour of Django processes is not assumed implicitly, they are rather explicitly specified
•    Internally, SQL statements are optimized so they are not repeated too many times
•    It is easy to switch to raw SQL whenever necessary
•    Flexibility while using URL’s

The Django architecture is based upon the MVC model. It consists of the following elements:

Model: This defines the database schema and data structure

Views: It controls what a user sees. It retrieves the data from the models, executes the calculations made, and these are then passed on to the template.

Templates: The templates describe the way data received from the views is altered or formatted to be displayed on the page

Controllers: It consists of the Django framework and URL parsing

SQLite is the default database that comes with Django. The following commands are used to connect the project to this database:

1.    The migrate command python manage.py migrate goes through the INSTALLED_APPS settings and creates database tables accordingly.

2.    The python manage.py makemigrations informs Django the models created or changed.

3.    sqlmigrate command python manage.py sqlmigrate <name of the app followed by the generated id> takes the migration names and returns their SQL.

7.    Explain about the files generated when a Django project is created.

A project consists of the application whereas an app is a module or a part of the application that deals with specific requirement. A project consists of several apps, while the app is a part of multiple projects.

All the necessary fields and attributes of the stored data are included in the model. Models are a single definitive source of information about the data.

The templates consist of simple text files that can create any text-based format such as XML, CSV, and HTML. Users can generate HTML dynamically using the Django Template language (DTL). The information is rendered in a designer-friendly manner for users using the templates.

Views in Django are used to encapsulate the logic liable for processing a user’s request and for returning the request back to the user. Views return an HTTPResponse or HTTP404 exception. The objects that consist the content to be rendered to the user are generated through HTTPResponse. Views perform tasks like read recordsfrom the database, delegate to the templates, generate a PDF file etc. 

The Django server first receives a request. Next the server searches the URL patterns associated with the project for a matching URL. A 404-status code is produced by the server if it cannot find a matching URL. Upon matching the URL, it executes the corresponding code in the view file associated with the URL and sends a response.

These are additional files such as CSS, images or JavaScript files. The django.contrib.staticfiles manages these files. A subdirectory named as static is created within the project app for these files.

Change the directory into which the project is to be created and type the following command for creating the project:
django-admin startproject xyz

After downloading the Python that is compatible with the operating system used by the host machine, it is installed. Then run the pip install “django>= 2.2,<3” on the terminal and wait for the installation to finish.

Signals are pieces of code that contain information about the ongoing process. A dispatcher is used to both send and listen for signals.

The Django Rest Framework allows to create Restful APIs. They utilize low bandwidth that makes them suitable for web applications.

It contains a list of URLs and mappings created for viewing the URLs functions. The URLs can map to view functions, class-based views, and the URLs-config of other applications.

No, only single-column primary keys is supported by Django.

The DEBUG setting need to be made sure. If the setting is squared away the following commands need to type:
1)    from Django.db import connection
2)    connection.queries

A collection of SQL queries is called the QuerySet in Django. The print(b.query) shows the SQL query created from the Django filter call.